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Etymology[ edit ] The etymology of the term Chicano is not definitive and has been debated by historians, scholars, and activists.
Although there has been controversy over the origins of Chicano, community conscience reportedly remains strong among those who claim the identity. Mexitli formed part of the expression Huitzilopochtlil Mexitli—a reference to the historic migration of the Mexica people from their homeland of Aztlán to the Oaxaca Valley.
According to Villanueva, "given that the velar x is a palatal phoneme S with the spelling sh ," in accordance with the Indigenous phonological system of the Mexicas "Meshicas"it would become "Meshicano" or "Mechicano.
The first two syllables of Xicano are therefore dr garza san antonio tx fogyás Nahuatl while the last syllable is Castillian. Thus, a newly emigrated Nahuatl speaker in an urban center might have referred to his cultural relatives in this country, different from himself, as mexicanos, shortened to Chicanos. The King and Kenedy firm submitted a voucher to the Joint Claims Commission of the United States in to cover the costs of this gunboat's conversion from a passenger steamer.
The Chicano poet and writer Tino Villanueva traced the first documented use of the term as an ethnonym toas referenced in a then-unpublished essay by University of Texas anthropologist José Limón.
Simmen and Richard F. Bauerle report the use of the term in an essay by Mexican-American writer, Mario Suárez, published in the Arizona Quarterly in These younger, politically aware, Mexican Americans adopted the term "as an act of political defiance and ethnic pride," similar to the reclamation of Black by African Americans.
Usage was also generational, with the more assimilated third-generation members again, more likely male likely to adopt the usage.
This group was also younger, of more radical persuasion, and less connected to a Mexican cultural heritage. Chicano identity was organized around seven objectives: unity, economy, education, institutions, self-defense, culture, and political liberation, in an effort to bridge regional and class divisions among people of Mexican descent. The notion of Aztlán, a mythical homeland claimed to be located in the southwestern United Statesmobilized Mexican Americans to take social and political action.
Superior Court,which defined the Chicano community as unified under "a commonality of ideals and costumbres with respect to masculinity machismofamily roles, child discipline, [and] religious values.